An Investigation of the Grid Sensitivity in Large-Eddy Simulations of the Stable Boundary Layer

Abstract We revisit the longstanding problem of grid sensitivity, i.e., lack convergence in large-eddy simulations (LES) stable boundary layer. use a comprehensive set LES well-known Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment Atmospheric Boundary Layer Study 1 (GABLS1) case with varying spacings between 12.5 m to investigate several physical processes numerical features that are possible causes sensitivity. Our results demonstrate there two resolution regimes which sensitivity manifests differently. find changing advection schemes subgrid-scale models alters simulation results, but options tested do not fully address grid-sensitivity issue. Moreover, runs suggest surface condition interaction near-surface flow, as well mixing free atmosphere, unlikely be observed One interesting finding is fine grid-spacing regime (grid $$\le 2\,\mathrm{m}$$ ≤ 2 m ) closely related reduction energy content large-scale turbulence, leading less turbulence kinetic hence lower boundary-layer heights. The present work demonstrates still an urgent need this issue order perform reliable